IEEE 18th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU-2010) held in Diyarbakir (Conference Center), Turkey on April 22-24, 2010. The conference organized by University of Dicle with the support of IEEE. The conference is the most important meeting forum for researchers in Turkey in the area of signal processing and communication and related topics. Conferece proceedings have been indexed by IEEEXplore since 2003.